This IPT serves the Vermont Center for Ecostudies (VCE)'s Vermont Atlas of Life (VAL) project.
biodiversity
Bee Specimens from a Malaise-Type Trap in Addison County, Vermont, USA
These are all the bees caught as bycatch in a homemade horsefly trap in a rural yard in Addison County, Vermont, USA. Specimens were removed daily with bees frozen and then later pinned, and identified as part of the Vermont Wild Bee Survey at the Vermont Atlas of Life.
Darwin Core Archive of Bee Specimens from a Malaise-Type Trap in Addison County, Vermont, USA
Vermont LoonWatch was initiated in 1983 to provide an annual, mid-summer estimate of the statewide Common Loon (Gavia immer) population. It is managed by the Vermont Center for Ecostudies and the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department. On the third Saturday in July each year, volunteers survey assigned lakes, ponds, and reservoirs from 8:00 to 9:00 AM, recording the number of adult, subadult (1-2 year old loons), and loon chicks on the waterbody, as well as relevant human and wildlife activity. Observers on lakes larger than 300 acres were allowed a longer survey period. Data were recorded on standardized forms and returned to the VLRP biologist for summarization via standard mail or e-mail, or submitted to Vermont eBird.
Darwin Core Archive of LoonWatch Surveys in Vermont, USA
The Vermont Wild Bee Survey was the first comprehensive effort to understand the bee fauna for the state of Vermont. Specimens were collected from 2019 through 2021 by a variety of project staff and community naturalists. This dataset includes all records that were not part of a specific study during the survey period.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Wild Bee Survey (2019-2021)
From 2002 to 2007 biologists and volunteer butterfly enthusiasts spent thousands of hours in the field in an effort to record the status and distribution of Vermont butterflies, the first systematic statewide butterfly atlas to be undertaken. Despite their lofty status among the insects, butterflies were largely a mystery in Vermont. There was no atlas of their distribution, no scientific assessment of the threats they faced, and no conservation concept for butterfly species on a statewide scale. With this in mind, we initiated a six-year study to document the distribution and abundance of butterflies in Vermont.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Butterfly Atlas 1.0 (2002-2007)
Atlas records gathered as part of the Fishes of Vermont (Langdon,R.W., M.T. Ferguson, M. T., K.M. Cox (2006). Fishes of Vermont. United States: Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. 320pp).
Darwin Core Archive of Fishes of Vermont
Native Bee Baseline and Effects Monitoring on the Green Mountain National Forest 2015
We sampled bees at 31 sites in clearcuts, mowed wildlife openings and wildlife openings treated with prescribed fire in the spring and summer of 2015 to compare the effectiveness of these practices for promoting native bee communities. We also sampled 20 points within a fire-adapted forest community on the Dome, a mountain in Pownal Vermont, to provide baseline data to gauge the effects of proposed restoration activities.
Darwin Core Archive of Native Bee Baseline and Effects Monitoring on the Green Mountain National Forest 2015
The First Breeding Bird Atlas of Vermont (1976-1981)
The Vermont Breeding Bird Atlas (VBBA) is one of the most comprehensive bird surveys in Vermont. It is completed once every 25 years during a 5-year period. Data collection for the first and second atlases were in 1976-1981 and in 2003-2007, respectively. The main goal of the first atlas was to document the spatial distribution of each bird species at a broad geographical scale.
Darwin Core Archive of The First Breeding Bird Atlas of Vermont (1976-1981)
Checklist of the Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Vermont, USA
A 1976 checklist of Coccinellidae from Vermont, USA listed 38 species in 16 genera (Parker et al. 1976) based on occurrence records known at the time. The authors listed the first and last date each species was collected in Vermont and the total number of specimens known, a snapshot of Lady Beetle life in Vermont prior to 1976.Since at least the 1980s, native Lady Beetles that were once very common across the region have become rare or have even gone missing. But there was little information readily available from Vermont. Spurred on by the 1976 report, we began to assemble as much primary occurrence data as possible. We digitizing records from the historic document, museum collections from across Vermont, and Vermont records from projects like the Lost Ladybug Project at Cornell University. From 2019 to 2023, we recruited community scientists from across the state to help us record Lady Beetles via the Vermont Atlas of Life Lady Beetle Atlas (https://val.vtecostudies.org/projects/lady-beetle-atlas). We assembled this checklist from over 9,000 occurrence records, both historic and recent. The checklist now contains 49 species in 21 genera, with seven species known to be introduced.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of the Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Vermont, USA
Miscellaneous Historical Bee Records from Vermont, USA
Miscellaneous historical bee records compiled by the Vermont Wild Bee Survey from literature and other sources.
Darwin Core Archive of Miscellaneous Historical Bee Records from Vermont, USA
Vermont Bee Records Collected by John Ascher
Vermont bee specimen records collected by John Ascher. Most records are from the American Museum of Natural History and Cornell University Insect Collection.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Bee Records Collected by John Ascher
Bumble bees and Large Carpenter bees in the UVM Zadock Thompson Zoological Collection
All bumble bee (Bombus) and Eastern Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa virginica) specimens in the Zadock Thompson Zoological Collection. Digitized and identified between 2012 and 2019 by Leif Richardson and Spencer Hardy as part of the Vermont Bumble Bee Atlas
Darwin Core Archive of Bumble bees and Large Carpenter bees in the UVM Zadock Thompson Zoological Collection
Historic Lady Beetle Records (Coccinellidae) from Mt. Mansfield, Vermont , USA: 1991-1994
Occurrence data for Lady Beetles (Coccinellidae), derived from the publication of an insect survey conducted on the west slope of Mt. Mansfield, Vermont from 1991 to 1994. The survey contains the collection date (month-day), site, and determiner, along with site descriptions and collection methods (see https://www.uvm.edu/femc/attachments/project/999/reports/DipteraMansfield.pdf).
Darwin Core Archive of Historic Lady Beetle Records (Coccinellidae) from Mt. Mansfield, Vermont , USA: 1991-1994
Native Bee Inventory of Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge
The Vermont Center for Ecostudies in cooperation with US Fish and Wildlife Service surveyed the wild bee communities of Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge beginning in the fall of 2020. The goal of this USFWS funded project was to create baseline knowledge of the wild bees within the refuge and provide management recommendations where appropriate.
Darwin Core Archive of Native Bee Inventory of Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge
First Flowering Dates for Plants on the Ridgeline of Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, USA
The first flowering dates as recorded by Green Mountain Club Rangers on the Mount Mansfield, Vermont ridgeline near and above treeline from 1975 to 1986.
Darwin Core Archive of First Flowering Dates for Plants on the Ridgeline of Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, USA
Checklist of Vermont Plants from Known Occurrences
List of species that occur in Vermont, USA from occurrence data found in GBIF.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of Vermont Plants from Known Occurrences
Artificial Cover Board Monitoring for Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) at Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP in Vermont, USA (1999-2000)
In order to help guide the development of a forest management plan, a biological inventory of the amphibian and reptiles within the park and adjacent lands was conducted in 1999 and 2000. To compare the distribution and relative abundance of Red-backed Salamanders within 3 different forest cover types, cover board transects were established during early April 1999 in a northern hardwood stand, a hardwood/hemlock stand, and a red pine plantation. Following the protocol to monitor terrestrial salamanders established by the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (Droege et al. 1997), within each study site 40 white pine cover boards (measuring 25 x 25 x 2.5 cm) were laid out in pairs, 0.5 m apart. Each pair of boards was spaced approximately 10 m apart and, to reduce forest edge effects, at least 50 m from the forest edge. Cover boards were checked approximately each week between April and November during the two-year study, but were not checked during misty or rainy weather when salamanders were more likely to be out foraging in the leaf litter. Individual salamanders encountered under each board were tallied and handling of salamanders was avoided as much as possible. All Red-backed Salamanders were placed into one of the following size classes: Adult (> 40 mm S-V), Sub-adult (30 – 40 mm S-V), and Juvenile (< 30 mm S-V). During 2000, most adult Redbacks were sexed by visually noting the shape of the snout (squared in males, rounded in females).
Darwin Core Archive of Artificial Cover Board Monitoring for Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) at Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP in Vermont, USA (1999-2000)
Middlebury College Insect Collection: Bees (Anthophila)
Bee specimens from the Middlebury College insect collection. Currently only specimens collected in Vermont are included.
Darwin Core Archive of Middlebury College Insect Collection: Bees (Anthophila)
The solitary parasitoid wasp Cerceris fumipennis provisions its nests with beetles from the Family Buprestidae. Nests formed by these solitary wasps are often located in non-social colonies within hard-packed, sandy, and exposed soils. Female wasps forage for prey on sunny summer days when many species of buprestid beetles are active. Taking buprestid beetle prey from wasps intercepted as they approached their nests is used to survey for the presence of many buprestid species. Biologists and citizen science volunteers surveyed C. fumipennis colonies for Buprestidae from 2009-2016. Additionally, native buprestids were taken from Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) purple traps and Green Lindgren funnel traps deployed around the state from 2008 - 2016. Historical records were also recorded from collections at the University of Vermont and the Vermont Forest, Parks and Recreation collections.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Buprestidae Survey
Historic Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) Records from Vermont, USA
Occurrence data for Lady Beetles (Coccinellidae) of Vermont derived from an historical publication from 1976 that contained first and last dates (month-day) and counties where collected (see http://val.vtecostudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Lady-Beetles-VT-Checklist-1976.pdf) and records from the Lost Ladybug Project (http://www.lostladybug.org/).
Darwin Core Archive of Historic Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) Records from Vermont, USA
This citizen science web site is focused on expanding our understanding of the distribution, biogeography, biodiversity, and identification of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) in the Western Hemisphere. Citizen scientists are encouraged to contribute their Odonata observations to the database using a web-based interface for submission. These observations may be human observation only or may be vouchered by photographs or specimens. An expert team of vetters reviews records of the rarer species and either accepts or declines the record based on the documentation. Declined records are not uploaded to GBIF. Odonata Central was started in 2003 but older records are accepted into the database.
Bees collected, recorded, or acquired by Micheal Veit from the state of Vermont. Includes work for two bio blitz and incidental collecting, primarily in the northern half of the state
Darwin Core Archive of Michael Veit Vermont Bee Speciemens
Historic Butterfly Specimens in the UVM Zadock Thompson Natural History Collection Digitized for the Vermont Butterfly Atlas
From 2002 to 2007 volunteer butterfly enthusiasts spent thousands of hours in the field in an effort to record the status and distribution of Vermont butterflies, the first systematic statewide butterfly atlas to be undertaken. As part of this atlas, historic records were digitized from regional collections. Despite their potential importance, butterfly specimens in the UVM Zadock Thompson Natural History Collection had never been catalogued systematically. In January of 2004 we obtained permission to bring 40 volunteers into the collection for a one-day sorting and determination workshop. Volunteers worked in teams, first sorting pinned specimens by family and then to genus and species. After sorting, volunteers worked in pairs to add a unique identification number to each pinned specimen on a separate label, identify each to species, and enter the label data into a spreadsheet. Only people with experience in species identification made determinations, and any difficult or questionable determinations were referred to experts.
Darwin Core Archive of Historic Butterfly Specimens in the UVM Zadock Thompson Natural History Collection Digitized for the Vermont Butterfly Atlas
Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) Specimens
These are the Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) specimens found in the Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. Specimens are mainly from three collections: Bruce Parker, J. Boone, and the Margaret Skinner Collections. These were all examined and digitized as part of the Vermont Atlas of Life - Vermont Lady Beetle Atlas.
Darwin Core Archive of Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) Specimens
The aim of the Checklist of Vermont Species (VTspecies) is to provide a comprehensive list of names of organisms, including information on synonymy, that have been recorded in the State of Vermont, United States. Like all science, VTspecies is a work in progress. Many taxonomic groups remain deficient and little studies in the state, and users will notice that many species are still missing from the database. Your contributions and feedback are essential to further improve the quality and taxonomic coverage of VTspecies. While the highest priority is to provide valid names, other names in use are included so that this register can serve as a guide to interpret taxonomic literature and explore biodiversity data from the state. Completing a checklist of all species and keeping it up-to-date is a continuous process. New information is continually discovered and added. Often data also come in from contributions of large datasets, such as global or regional species lists. Please contact us with errors, omissions, or questions to help us make this resource as complete as possible. VTspecies contains animals, plants, and fungi. For each species we provide scientific name(s), authors and year, vernacular name(s), classification hierarchy, citation proving that particular species has occurred in Vermont, and more. Further information of each species can be obtained at the Vermont Atlas of Life (VAL) at http://val.vtecostudies.org. VTspecies uses a set of generally accepted references, augmented by recent scientific literature and expert opinion, to establish a standard scientific name for every species and their hierarchical classification. Generally, VTspecies follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS; https://www.itis.gov/ ) for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, and fungi of North America, as well as the GBIF backbone taxonomy (https://www.gbif.org/dataset/d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c).
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of Vermont Species
Pollinating insects of restored, managed freshwater marshes in central New York, USA.
Pollinating insects collected during a two-year survey by researchers at SUNY ESF of restored, managed freshwater marshes in central New York, USA.
Darwin Core Archive of Pollinating insects of restored, managed freshwater marshes in central New York, USA.
These data are from collecting events beginning in 1955 by Ross and Joyce Bell and associates, as well as reliable records from literature gathered by the authors. This dataset was used for this book: Bell, Ross T. 2015. Carabidae of Vermont and New Hampshire. 2nd ed. Shires Press, Manchester Center, Vermont. 385pp. ( https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7716359.v1 ). Most locations of specimens were georeferenced by the authors on paper maps for each species using township borders as a reference when placing a location. Points from each of these species maps were digitized in a GIS.
Darwin Core Archive of Carabidae of Vermont and New Hampshire
Hartland Nature Club Lepidoptera Collection
The Hartland Nature Club in Hartland, Vermont, USA houses historic specimens from the town and beyond. There are 6 drawers of Lepidoptera (mostly butterflies with some giant silkmoths)in sealed Riker mounts. The collection was examined and digitized as part of the Vermont Butterfly Atlas in 2003. For more information about the collection, visit https://hartland.govoffice.com/index.asp?SEC=389E026F-C3E7-4EE7-B792-8DDE5B4097F4&Type=B_BASIC.
Darwin Core Archive of Hartland Nature Club Lepidoptera Collection
Bee Specimens from Michael Veit Collection
Bee specimens collected by Michael Veit, primarily from Massachusetts, USA, but also including records from New England and other areas in eastern USA. Records from Vermont, USA (n=344) are in a separate dataset (https://doi.org/10.15468/inojpk).
Darwin Core Archive of Bee Specimens from Michael Veit Collection
Green Mountain College Insect Collection
Specimens from the former Green Mountain College insect collection. Currently only select hymenoptera are included.
Darwin Core Archive of Green Mountain College Insect Collection
This is an initial Martha's Vineyard species checklist derived from GBIF Ocurrences. The initial purpose of this checklist is to create a datasetKey to be used by software to explore species found on Martha's Vineyard.
Darwin Core Archive of Martha's Vineyard species checklist
Vermont Northern Walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata) Records from Historic Dot Map
These data are from collecting events beginning in ~1960s through early ~2000s by Ross and Joyce Bell and associates, as well as reliable records from literature gathered by the authors. Most locations of specimens were georeferenced by the authors on paper maps for each species using township borders as a reference when placing a location. Points from each of these species maps were digitized in a GIS.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Northern Walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata) Records from Historic Dot Map
These data are primarily from a paper published by P. Bellinger, (1982) which provided a georeferenced list of the species of Collembola (springtails) found in Vermont. The majority of the specimens examined during the creation of this list were collected by Dr. Ross Bell and his students and are held at the University of Vermont collection. A second paper by Soto-Adames FN & Giordano R (2011), documents several new species of springtail found in Vermont and named after Ross and his wife Joyce Bell for their contributions to springtail research. Combined, these resources provide a georeferenced list of the species of springtail that are documented in the State of Vermont, US.
Darwin Core Archive of Collembola of Vermont
Bees collected or recorded during pollinator surveys on two experimental Milkweed farms as part of a University of Vermont Milkweed study run by Samantha Alger and the UVM Agricultural Extension. https://www.uvm.edu/sites/default/files/media/2018_Milkweed_Production_Trials_Combined_Rpt.pdf https://www.uvm.edu/sites/default/files/media/2019_Combined_Milkweed_Report.pdf Three study plots were created in each of two large fields dedicated to milkweed production. Surveys were done multiple times during the flowering period in both 2018 and 2019. Specimens were only collected when seen visiting milkweed, but during each survey 10 minutes was spent visually morphotyping flower visitors of any flower in the plots. Experienced observers recorded and counted bumblebee species when possible.
Darwin Core Archive of UVM Milkweed Pollinator Project
Butterflies (Papilionoidea) and Giant Silk Moths (Saturnidae) in the James D. Hedbor Lepidoptera Collection
From 2002 to 2007 volunteer butterfly enthusiasts spent thousands of hours in the field in an effort to record the status and distribution of Vermont butterflies, the first systematic statewide butterfly atlas to be undertaken. As part of this atlas, James Hedbor provided historic records from his collection in 2004 for this effort. He donated his lifetime collection of moths and butterflies, more than 4,000 specimens, to the University of Florida McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity at the Florida Museum of Natural History, where these now likely reside.
Darwin Core Archive of Butterflies (Papilionoidea) and Giant Silk Moths (Saturnidae) in the James D. Hedbor Lepidoptera Collection
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of Vermont Fungi
Seasonal Abundance of Tabanus calens and Other Tabanidae (Diptera) Near Snake Mountain, Addison County, Vermont
Occurrences of Horse and Deer Flies (Tabanidae) digitized from Seasonal Abundance of Tabanus calens and Other Tabanidae (Diptera) Near Snake Mountain, Addison County, Vermont. Northeastern Naturalist, 24(2):137-151 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1656/045.024.0204
Darwin Core Archive of Seasonal Abundance of Tabanus calens and Other Tabanidae (Diptera) Near Snake Mountain, Addison County, Vermont
Hinesburg Town Forest Insect Surveys 2012
During the summer of 2012, VT Department of Forests, Parks, & Recreation ran two types of traps to collect insects at the wind-disturbed mixed forest in the Hinesburg town forest in VT. All beetle and wood wasp captures from the published report are included in this data set.
Darwin Core Archive of Hinesburg Town Forest Insect Surveys 2012
Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of Vermont from Thomas H. Atkinson
List of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles records for Vermont from Thomas H. Atkinson. https://www.barkbeetles.info/index.php
Darwin Core Archive of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of Vermont from Thomas H. Atkinson
The Second Breeding Bird Atlas of Vermont (2003-2007)
The Vermont Breeding Bird Atlas (VBBA) is one of the most comprehensive bird surveys in Vermont. It is completed once every 25 years during a 5-year period. Data collection for the first and second atlases were in 1976-1981 and in 2003-2007, respectively. The main goal of the first atlas was to document the spatial distribution of each bird species at a broad geographical scale. The goal of the second atlas was to survey the same lands in Vermont that were surveyed during the first atlas in order to detect changes in the distribution and status of species. In addition, in the second atlas the amount of land surveyed was doubled.
Darwin Core Archive of The Second Breeding Bird Atlas of Vermont (2003-2007)
Vermont Orthoptera Records from Historic Dot Maps
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Orthoptera Records from Historic Dot Maps
White River Partnership Vermont Crayfish Records
Records were compiled from a number of events primarily led by staff of the Vermont Institute of Natural Science (VINS) and White River Partnership (WRP). In 2005, VINS environmental citizenship program director Jenna Guarino worked with Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (VTDEC) aquatic biologist Jim Kellogg and 6 local ‘Teen River Stewards’ to conduct the first sampling of portions of the White River mainstem and some of its major tributaries. After finding nearly 85% of the trapped crayfish were non-native rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus, formerly Orconectes rusticus), primarily from the mainstem of the White (rather than tributaries) the teen stewards worked with VINS, WRP and VTDEC staff to conduct an educational outreach and training at the White River National Fish Hatchery in Bethel. In 2010 VTDEC aquatic biologists partnered with watershed education consultant Jenna Guarino to offer a workshop to White River watershed teachers who wanted to help track the spread of rusty crayfish. Six teachers participated in the workshop and implemented at least one day of trapping with their students. A first known occurrence of Bigwater crayfish (Cambarus robustus) in the White River watershed was documented during the workshop (several more occurrences have been documented since then). Quality-assured data collected by schools was shared with state biologist Jim Kellogg, who built a Vermont crayfish species database and distribution map.
Darwin Core Archive of White River Partnership Vermont Crayfish Records
Fairy Shrimp (Anostraca: Chirocephalidae) Inventory of Vernal Pools in Vermont, USA
We collected fairy shrimp (Anostraca: Chirocephalidae) from 32 vernal pools in Vermont, USA during spring in 2022 through 2025. This effort has so far recorded four species. In 2022, we found Knob-lipped Fairy Shrimp (Eubranchipus bundyi), which was previously recorded in Vermont, and Intricate Fairy Shrimp or Smooth-lipped Fairy Shrimp (Eubranchipus intricatus), a new state record in 2022. Both species are widespread across North America, but the Intricate Fairy Shrimp is considered rare in nearby Massachusetts, where it is listed as a “Species of Special Concern.” In 2025, two additional species were recorded, both new state records: Springtime Fairy Shrimp (Eubranchipus vernalis), and Ethologist Fairy Shrimp (Eubranchipus serratus), which is also a new record for New England.
Darwin Core Archive of Fairy Shrimp (Anostraca: Chirocephalidae) Inventory of Vernal Pools in Vermont, USA
SGCN Bees for C-SWG Traits, Threats, Actions
A list of SGCN bees was created from USGS Database. Bees classified as SGCN in the states participating in the C-SWG, CA, WA, TX, VT were culled from that national list.
Darwin Core Archive of SGCN Bees for C-SWG Traits, Threats, Actions
Checklist of the Odonata of Vermont, USA
This is a checklist of the known species of Odonata recorded in Vermont, USA. The checklist is derived from literature and verified records from specimens, surveys, photographs, and other verified records by the Vermont Damselfly and Dragonfly Atlas, a project of the Vermont Atlas of Life. Major data sources for the project include nearly 7,000 records — spanning a period from 1891 to 2015 — assembled by Mike Blust and Bryan Pfeiffer for a 2015 publication on the odonata fauna of Vermont. Each year we expand the atlas by adding data submitted through iNaturalist Vermont and Odonata Central.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of the Odonata of Vermont, USA
Checklist of the Wild Bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) of Vermont, USA
This is a checklist of the known species of wild bees recorded in Vermont, USA. The checklist is derived from literature and verified records from specimens, surveys, photographs, and other verified records by the Vermont Wild Bee Survey, a project of the Vermont Atlas of Life. This is the first comprehensive checklist and conservation assessment of the bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna of the State of Vermont. This checklist of 351 species (plus 1 morphospecies) is based on >79,000 open-access data records available from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), nearly all (98%) of which were identified by an author or trusted collaborator, including 100% of the 24,270 research-grade observations from the community science platform iNaturalist. Through fieldwork and digitization of museum collections, we documented nine species previously unreported from New England and as many as 24 novel host–parasite relationships. Overall, Vermont shares much of the bee fauna of neighboring states, with a notable contingent of northern and western species not regularly found elsewhere in New England or New York. Conservation rankings indicate that as many as 60% of the bee species in the state are vulnerable (S3 or lower). Detailed species accounts are provided as supplementary material, which cover the phenology, state-wide distribution, conservation status, and floral preferences of Vermont’s bee fauna.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of the Wild Bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) of Vermont, USA
Checklist of Pea Clams (Sphaeriidae) in Vermont, USA
This is a checklist of the known species of Pea Clams (Sphaeriidae) recorded in Vermont, USA. The checklist is derived from literature and verified records from the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation and Jim Kellogg (https://doi.org/10.15468/tq5nfn). The checklist is comprised of 28 confirmed species.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of Pea Clams (Sphaeriidae) in Vermont, USA
Bee specimens collected and curated by Don Miller. Includes specimens from Leif Richardson's Bumble Bees of North America Research Collection.
Darwin Core Archive of Don H. Miller Personal Bee Collection
M.Scott Griggs Personal Lepidoptera Collection
Specimens collected or curated by M.S. Griggs.
Darwin Core Archive of M.Scott Griggs Personal Lepidoptera Collection
USFWS Bee surveys - Sandbar WMA, VT 2018
Bee bowl and netting surveys done as part of an ongoing USFWS study of habitat restoration. The Vermont site is a 4.5 acre field planted with native grasses in 2015 within the Sandbar WMA.
Darwin Core Archive of USFWS Bee surveys - Sandbar WMA, VT 2018
Records of Hawk Moths (Sphingidae) from Vermont, USA
Occurrence data for Hawk Moths (Sphingidae) of Vermont derived from specimen data from collections and verified photographs from observers. A faunal checklist published in 1995 (https://www.uvm.edu/femc/attachments/project/999/reports/VTmothsbutterflies.pdf) listed 28 species for Vermont. This dataset adds 9 more species to the faunal list for Vermont. Part of this dataset was contributed to https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185683. This study demonstrated that at least ten of the 26 species examined, or more than one-third, were found to be in long-term decline or locally extirpated, whereas four species increased from 1900–2012 in the northeastern U.S.
Darwin Core Archive of Records of Hawk Moths (Sphingidae) from Vermont, USA
Select Specimens from the Hanover High School Insect Collection
Insect specimens from the teaching collection of Kevin Lavigne. Lady Beetle and Vermont Bee records digitized by the Vermont Atlas of Life.
Darwin Core Archive of Select Specimens from the Hanover High School Insect Collection
Bees in the UVM Zadock Thompson Zoological Collection
Vermont specimen records of bees, excluding Bombus and Xylocopa, from the Zadock Thompson Zoological Collection at the University of Vermont. Specimens were identified and labels digitized between 2019 and 2021 as part the Vermont Wild Bee Survey. Identifications done by Sam Droege and Spencer Hardy, additional species-level identifications will be added as they are completed. See Bombus and Xylocopa records here: https://www.gbif.org/dataset/155ad75a-6721-4fc5-9c94-4eef447ee650
Darwin Core Archive of Bees in the UVM Zadock Thompson Zoological Collection
Checklist of the Orthoptera of Vermont, USA
Checklist of all known species of Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, katydids, crickets, and related insects) recorded in the State of Vermont, USA.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of the Orthoptera of Vermont, USA
A checklist of the bees of the United States, derived from occurrence data, to support a demonstration instance of the VAL Data Explorers.
Darwin Core Archive of Bees of the United States
The Nature Museum Butterfly (Papilionoidea) Specimens
Butterfly specimens in The Nature Museum in Grafton, Vermont USA.
Darwin Core Archive of The Nature Museum Butterfly (Papilionoidea) Specimens
Checklist of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Vermont, USA
This is a checklist of the known species of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) recorded or likely found in the State of Vermont, USA. The checklist is derived from literature and verified occurrence records. The checklist is comprised of 5 confirmed and one probable native species.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Vermont, USA
Nocturnal Calling Frog Surveys at Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP in Vermont, USA (1999-2000)
In order to help guide the development of a forest management plan, a biological inventory of the amphibian and reptiles within the park and adjacent lands was conducted in 1999 and 2000. To inventory frogs, a protocol established for the Vermont Calling Frog Survey was modified and used to sample the Pogue, the Field-Wetland, and the Hardwood-Wetland. A total of 10 listening stations were established. Systematic aural surveys of calling frogs occurred on rainy or humid nights throughout the spring and summer. At each station, all frogs heard calling during a 10-minute period were identified to species and their relative abundance estimated based upon chorus.
Darwin Core Archive of Nocturnal Calling Frog Surveys at Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP in Vermont, USA (1999-2000)
Surveys of fish in Lewis Creek done as part of Spencer Hardy's Middlebury College undergraduate Biology thesis. All sampling done by wading with backpack electroshocker. Difficult identifications confirmed by Rich Langdon via photos. No specimens collected. Full report: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338882041
Darwin Core Archive of Lewis Creek fish surveys 2016
Surveys of Pollinators on Chestnuts (Castanea) in New York Orchards
Pollinator surveys of chestnut orchards in New York State, USA in 2023. Surveys consisted of timed sweep-netting events on fertile male catkins of wild-type American chestnut (Castanea dentata), hybrid American chestnut, and/or Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima). Specimens were individually packaged when collected, and pollen samples were extracted in the lab from any specimens that had pollen on their bodies. Untimed pilot surveys occurred in July 2022.
Darwin Core Archive of Surveys of Pollinators on Chestnuts (Castanea) in New York Orchards
Vermont Oil Beetle Records from Pinto and Selander 1970
Museum specimens from Vermont examined and published by Pinto, J. D., & Selander, R. B. (1970). These were likely from the UVM Natural history collection.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Oil Beetle Records from Pinto and Selander 1970
Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge Bumblebee (Bombus) Surveys
In 2018 USFWS retained Environmental Solutions & Innovations, Inc. and Stone Environmental to complete bumble bee surveys and provide management recommendations to enhance pollinator habitat and populations at Missisquoi NWR. Survey methods followed the guidance issued by USFWS Ecological Services for rusty patched bumble bee, with an expansion to survey all bumble bee species and record time of collection. Survey objectives included an inventory of bumble bee species in habitats with high availability of floral resources, such as early successional grasslands/meadows/old fields or shrubby wetlands; on National Wildlife Refuges between 1 June and 15 September in areas with available floral resources. Sampling objectives for each survey site were: generate a bumble bee species list, measure bumble bee species richness and relative abundance by species, and explore habitat relationships with bumble bee richness and abundance. In 2018, bumble bee surveys were conducted at 12 sites, resulting in the detection of 992 individuals of 12 species.
Darwin Core Archive of Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge Bumblebee (Bombus) Surveys
Resurveys of Wild Bee Communities (Apoidea: Anthophila) on The Dome in Pownal, Vermont, USA
Bee surveys following the protocol and site locations from a baseline study conducted in 2015: King D, Milam J, Hardy S (2022). Native Bee Baseline and Effects Monitoring on the Green Mountain National Forest 2015. Sampling event dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/uh5l1a. Surveys were conducted in May and September of 2020, as well as an incidental visit in May of 2022 focused on surveying Andrena cornelli.
Darwin Core Archive of Resurveys of Wild Bee Communities (Apoidea: Anthophila) on The Dome in Pownal, Vermont, USA
Jeffery V. Freeman Personal Bee Collection
Wild bees collected and curated by Jeff Freeman. Additional specimens from his collection are included in Leif Richardson's collection (https://www.gbif.org/dataset/cccd7d2f-33f5-4cc4-8076-6f2522befa92) and UVM's Zaddock Thompson Zoological Collection (https://www.gbif.org/dataset/d156cb49-ba5d-45fc-898e-3de6002d2efd).
Darwin Core Archive of Jeffery V. Freeman Personal Bee Collection
Vermont Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) Specimens in the Vermont Forest, Parks and Recreation Insect Collection
Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) pinned specimens collected in Vermont and deposited in the Vermont Forest, Parks and Recreation Insect Collection.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Lady Beetle (Coccinellidae) Specimens in the Vermont Forest, Parks and Recreation Insect Collection
Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (VTDEC) Aquatic Biomonitoring
The primary function of the VTDEC Biomonitoring and Aquatic Studies Section (BASS) is to conduct environmental monitoring of Vermont's surface waters, with an emphasis on the assessment of biological integrity. Activities include: the collection, processing and analysis of biological samples; the collection of physical habitat and water chemistry data; the assessment of monitoring data results to determine biological health and water quality; and the integration of those assessments into a wide variety of DEC management programs. BASS conducts over 200 comprehensive biological assessments annually, with emphasis on evaluation of fish and aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in wadeable streams and rivers. BASS has also conducted special studies in areas of special concern, and has assisted in data collection and/or analysis for other programs like the USEPA and the VTDEC Lakes and Ponds Management and Protection Program. Vermont DEC routinely surveys the macroinvertebrate and fish communities of rivers, streams, lakes and wetlands in order to evaluate the biological health, or biological integrity, of the ecosystem surveyed. This type of survey is called biomonitoring. Biomonitoring surveys are used for detecting aquatic life impairments and assessing their relative severity. These surveys can also be used to identify very high quality surface waters in need of enhanced levels of protection. The Ambient Biomonitoring Network (ABN) program was established by the Vermont DEC in 1985 to monitor long-term trends in water quality as revealed in changes over time to ambient aquatic fish and macroinvertebrate communities, to evaluate site-specific impacts of point and non-point discharges to aquatic biological communities, and to establish baseline data to assist the Department in establishing Vermont-specific biological criteria for water quality classification attainment determinations in rivers and streams. Since 1985, the Department has used standardized methodologies for sampling fish and macroinvertebrate communities, evaluating physical habitat, processing samples, and analyzing and evaluating data. The program has led to the development of a Vermont-specific fish community Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) and guidelines for determining water quality classification using macroinvertebrate community biological integrity metrics. The aquatic macroinvertebrate data contained here primarily represent the data that has been collected by BASS or private consultants and used to assess the biological integrity of wadeable streams, based on the functional and compositional characteristics of the sampled community. These samples are assessed using the biological metrics described in Appendix G of the Vermont Water Quality Standards (https://dec.vermont.gov/watershed/tasc/water-quality-standards). There is also a breadth of data included that represent special studies and other biomonitoring initiatives. These include data from the USEPA's National Rivers and Streams Assessment, pilot biomonitoring surveys for Vermont's lakes and ponds, artificial substrate colonization studies, and statewide species distribution surveys for mussels, crayfish, and other macroinvertebrates.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (VTDEC) Aquatic Biomonitoring
Specimens collected or curated by Michael Sabourin. Including specimens from a malaise trap run by G.R. and J. K. Nielsen.
Darwin Core Archive of Michael Sabourin Bee Specimens
Amphibian Migration Monitoring at Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP in Vermont, USA (1999-2000)
In order to help guide the development of a forest management plan, a biological inventory of the amphibian and reptiles within the park and adjacent lands was conducted in 1999 and 2000. Amphibian spring migration to vernal pools were monitored using a drift fence and pitfall traps. Additionally, captures of small mammals were also recorded. Prior to the start of the 1999 amphibian breeding season, four, 30.5-meter long drift fences, each with 8 pitfall traps (consisting of two #10 cans attached end to end) buried along their length, were established at two different forested wetlands. Pitfall traps were typically opened on rainy days or when rain was expected overnight, and then checked the following morning.
Darwin Core Archive of Amphibian Migration Monitoring at Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP in Vermont, USA (1999-2000)
Vermont Records of Crayfish Worms (Branchiobdellidans) and Associated Crayfish Hosts
Vermont distribution of crayfish worms (Branchiobdellidians) and the host crayfish in Vermont from published literature.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Records of Crayfish Worms (Branchiobdellidans) and Associated Crayfish Hosts
Records of freshwater mussels were compiled from museum collections, private individual shell collections,and field records of biologists working in Vermont at the time. Herbert Athearn, Arthur Clarke, William Clench, Mark DesMeules, Chris Fichtel, Steven Fiske, Larry Master, Carl Pagel, Doug Smith, Ruth Turner, and Susi von Oettingen are responsible for most of the mussel records. Records from a total of 270 sampling stations throughout the state are presented in this atlas. Site-specific historic (those prior to 1970) records are scarce therefore we do not differentiate between current and historic records in this atlas. We do differentiate between sampling points where mussels were found and where they were not. This report on mussel distribution is not necessarily complete; some streams have been under-sampled or not sampled at all, while many lakes have never been surveyed. The authors hope this atlas will spur additional interest in freshwater mussels, and that the atlas will be updated in the future to reflect additional locations and changes in species distributions.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Freshwater Mussel Atlas 1995
Vermont Wild Bee Survey: Miscellaneous Records
Incidental wild bee records recorded by the Vermont Wild Bee Survey from 2023 onward. These records Include incidental visual observations by experts not recorded elsewhere and miscellaneous pinned specimens.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Wild Bee Survey: Miscellaneous Records
New England Pea Clam (Sphaeriidae) Occurrences
Occurrence records for Pea or Fingernail Clams (Sphaeriidae) from the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (VTDEC) and Jim Kellogg.
Darwin Core Archive of New England Pea Clam (Sphaeriidae) Occurrences
eButterfly was created in 2011 based upon two simple ideas. First, many people are passionate about observing butterflies and, second, every butterfly observation has potential research value for fundamental and conservation research. Even observations of common species from well-sampled areas have value for monitoring population change, phenology, and for other spatiotemporal studies. Using informal science education, eButterfly steers participants into standardized data collection and provides extensive resources to improve observers’ capacities for butterfly detection and identification. eButterfly users document the presence or presumed absence of species as well as abundance through checklist data collection. To report butterfly observations, a web interface engages participants to submit observations through three interactive steps designed to collect location, effort, and the species and numbers detected. eButterfly encourages participants to submit photos of their observations as vouchers for species verification. eButterfly - an international, data driven project dedicated to butterfly biodiversity, conservation, and education - is a joint initiative of the Insectarium de Montréal - Espace pour la vie, Vermont Center for Ecostudies, Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, and University of Ottawa. Through time, each participant, each observation, each checklist, and each verification builds the database. eButterfly then shares this treasure trove of butterfly data with a global community of community scientists, educators, lepidopterists, conservationists, and land managers. In time, this information will become the foundation for a better understanding of butterfly distribution and population trends.
Darwin Core Archive of eButterfly Surveys
Vermont Bark and Ambrosia Beetle Records - Vermont Department of Forest, Parks and Recreation
Records were compiled from a number of projects, including survey work for Tomicus piniperda, Early Detection Rapid Response (EDRR) project, and others. Survey work for Tomicus piniperda began in 1999. Trapping efforts continued through 2005. Over this period, ten Lindgren funnel traps baited with alpha-pinene lure and UHR ethanol were deployed in high-risk sites in most Vermont counties. Traps were placed in the field by mid-March and serviced every two weeks through the end of June. Through our trapping efforts, first records of T. piniperda were made for the following counties: Essex and Orleans Counties in 1999; Caledonia County in 2000; Washington County in 2003; Addison, Grand Isle, and Lamoille Counties in 2004. In September 2004, the entire state of Vermont was quarantined for the pine shoot beetle. Our final surveys for pine shoot beetle were conducted in the four southernmost counties of Vermont in 2005. Traps were deployed in Scots pine stands or red pine stands. That year, fragments of pine shoot beetle were recovered from traps in three Rutland County sites, including Pawlet and two sites in Castleton. By that time, pine shoot beetle had been found in 8 counties in Vermont. A total of about 7,793 non-target bark beetles were collected in the traps. We considered the “by-catch” records provided through this work of value in giving us a handle of what occurs naturally in Vermont. Jessica Rykken identified by-catch Scolytinae. FPR’S participation in the Early Detection Rapid Response (EDRR) project took place in 2009 when we had an opportunity to join Maine, Rhode Island, and Connecticut in running EDRR traps for exotic bark beetles. This was a cooperative national program that had a goal of surveying 1/3 of the country every year. Mary Burnham screened those trap catches and identified non-targets. Specimens were submitted and species confirmed by specialists.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Bark and Ambrosia Beetle Records - Vermont Department of Forest, Parks and Recreation
Select Insect Specimens from Malaise Traps in Orleans County, Vermont, USA
This dataset contains select insects collected from two malaise traps located in Orleans County, Vermont, USA. The Malaise traps were set a few feet above the ground, with one in a suburban garden and the other in a rural yard at the interface between a large wetland complex and mixed hardwood forest. Collection vials were retrieved every few weeks as necessary during the growing season. All bees (Anthophila) and lady beetles (Coccinellidae) collected were identified and included in this dataset. Some other insects were included as incidental records. Ichneumonid wasps (Ichneumonidae) and other taxonomic groups will be added as they are processed and determined.
Darwin Core Archive of Select Insect Specimens from Malaise Traps in Orleans County, Vermont, USA
Long-term Bee Monitoring in Intervale Area in Burlington, Vermont, USA
Bee monitoring project began in 2013 with bee bowls deployed throughout the Burlington Intervale, a large open space consisting of vegetable and flower farms, mature riparian buffers, and old fields. Sporadic sampling occurred in 2013, 2014, and 2017 with more standardized sampling beginning in 2020.
Darwin Core Archive of Long-term Bee Monitoring in Intervale Area in Burlington, Vermont, USA
Surveys of the bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) community in and around solar installations
Bees collected with bee bowls in conjunction with a study of pollinator-friendly solar installations in Vermont. 2019 & 2020 surveys were part of pilot study to develop sampling protocols at solar sites. Surveys continued in 2021 at some, but not all of the pilot sites. 2021 Surveys were conducted at pollinator-friendly solar fields and at corresponding conventional solar fields to be used as reference sites. Some sites were in their "native state" as construction had not yet begun, while others were completed and seeded with pollinator-friendly native perennials. Each solar site was given the same site prep treatment, and seeded with the same pollinator mix developed by Bee the Change.
Darwin Core Archive of Surveys of the bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) community in and around solar installations
Bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) Found in Emerald Ash Borer Traps in Vermont, USA
Incidental bee specimens collected in Emerald Ash Borer traps located throughout Vermont in the spring of 2009. These were purple, three-sided traps resembling a box kite and hung on ash trees as part of a surveillance program by federal and state agencies. The purple traps are coated with an adhesive that captures the insects when they land and are baited with a lure to attract the beetle pest if it is present. Emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive species wood boring beetle, native to China and eastern Asia, which targets ash trees. EAB probably arrived in North America hidden in wood packing materials commonly used to ship consumer and other goods. It was first detected in July 2002 in southeastern Michigan.
Darwin Core Archive of Bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) Found in Emerald Ash Borer Traps in Vermont, USA
Historic Butterfly Records Digitized for the Vermont Butterfly Atlas 1.0
From 2002 to 2007 volunteer butterfly enthusiasts spent thousands of hours in the field in an effort to record the status and distribution of Vermont butterflies, the first systematic statewide butterfly atlas to be undertaken. As part of this atlas, historic records were digitized from regional collections. This dataset contains records from several small personal and private collections.
Darwin Core Archive of Historic Butterfly Records Digitized for the Vermont Butterfly Atlas 1.0
Records of Giant Silkmoths (Saturniinae) from Vermont Collections and 2002-2007
From 2002 to 2007 volunteer butterfly enthusiasts spent thousands of hours in the field in an effort to record the status and distribution of Vermont butterflies. Coupled with this survey was an effort to record all sightings of giant silkmoths (Saturniinae) that were found. As part of the effort, public and private natural history museums were visited to record past records of these species too. This effort continues today as naturalists find and report their sightings via the Vermont Atlas of Life on iNaturalist.
Darwin Core Archive of Records of Giant Silkmoths (Saturniinae) from Vermont Collections and 2002-2007
Wild Bee Specimens from Blueberry and Raspberry Farms in the Champlain Valley, Vermont, USA
Specimen records for wild bees visiting Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and European Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)on farms in the Champlain Valley of Vermont, USA. Collected by Charlie Nicholson and others between 2013 and 2017. Determined primarily by Jason Gibbs and Tom Wood.
Darwin Core Archive of Wild Bee Specimens from Blueberry and Raspberry Farms in the Champlain Valley, Vermont, USA
Shelburne Middle School Bumble Bee (Bombus) Collection
Bumble Bee specimens from a small student collection from Shelburne, Vermont science teacher George Molla. Only specimens with location and date on labels are included here.
Darwin Core Archive of Shelburne Middle School Bumble Bee (Bombus) Collection
Historic Butterfly Specimens in the UVM Entomology Research Laboratory Collection Digitized for the Vermont Butterfly Atlas
From 2002 to 2007 volunteer butterfly enthusiasts spent thousands of hours in the field in an effort to record the status and distribution of Vermont butterflies, the first systematic statewide butterfly atlas to be undertaken. As part of this atlas, historic records were digitized from regional collections. In 2004, we examined and digitized all of the butterflies and giant silk moths in the UVM Entomology Research Laboratory Collection for this effort.
Darwin Core Archive of Historic Butterfly Specimens in the UVM Entomology Research Laboratory Collection Digitized for the Vermont Butterfly Atlas
Exotic Lady Beetle Survey of Vermont: Hippodamia variegata and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata
Vermont records of two exotic lady beetle species - Propylea quatuordecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata - compiled from a multi-state survey coordinated through the USDA APHIS Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) Program conducted in the northeastern United States in 1993 and a collection of new locality records for P. quatuordecimpunctata in North America published in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society.
Darwin Core Archive of Exotic Lady Beetle Survey of Vermont: Hippodamia variegata and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata
Historic Bird and Wildlife Records Observed by Guy Waterman in Vermont, USA (1974-1998)
This data set consists of daily records of birds and other wildlife from Guy Waterman’s cabin in Corinth, Vermont, recorded from 1974-1998 (24 years). It was transcribed from scans of his original records kept by the Rauner Library Archives and Manuscripts Repository at Dartmouth College.
Darwin Core Archive of Historic Bird and Wildlife Records Observed by Guy Waterman in Vermont, USA (1974-1998)
Checklist of Fireflies (Lampyridae) in Vermont, USA
This is a checklist of the known species of fireflies (Lampyridae) recorded in Vermont. The checklist is derived from Fallon, C., A. Walker, S. Lewis, and S. Jepsen (2022). State of the Fireflies of the United States and Canada: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Recommendations. 64 pp. Portland, OR: The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. https://xerces.org/publications/scientific-reports/state-of-fireflies-of-united-states-and-canada, with additional verified records from the Vermont Atlas of Life on iNaturalist and other occurrence records at GBIF. The checklist is comprised of 13 confirmed species. Five additional species may be found in Vermont, but lack verified records. Fallon et. al (2022) listed this three species as having "no known records but habitat or locality is appropriate and species may occur here" for Vermont and records exist in nearby states of provinces: Photinus macdermotti, P. marginellus, and P. obscurellus. Additionally, there are many photo-observations of P. pyralis shared with iNaturalist.org, but these are of adults which are difficult to reliably identify. Pyractomena linearis is known from a few records nearby in New Hampshire and Quebec. There may be additional species but Vermont has not been fully surveyed. Two species are recommended as Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Vermont by Fallon et. al (2022): Pyractomena dispersa and P. sinuata. Neither of these species have occurrence localities in GBIF yet.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of Fireflies (Lampyridae) in Vermont, USA
Surveys of Select Pollinators on Powerline Right-of-Ways in Central Vermont, USA
Non-lethal surveys of Bumble Bees (Bombus), Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) and Monarch Butterflies (Danaus plexippus) on powerline right-of-ways in central Vermont, USA were conducted at each site using 200 meter transects visited four times during July and August of 2021.
Darwin Core Archive of Surveys of Select Pollinators on Powerline Right-of-Ways in Central Vermont, USA
A checklist of mammal (Mammalia) species that have been recorded in Vermont, USA. This checklist is part of a statewide checklist of all animals, plants and fungi being prepared by the Vermont Atlas of Life. The Vermont Life List (VLL) is aimed at being a comprehensive catalogue of all known species of organisms found in Vermont. Like all science, VLL is a work in progress. Many taxonomic groups remain deficient. The goal of the VLL is to list every distinct species in each taxonomic group from aphids to zooplankton. At present, some taxonomic groups are complete and updated as needed, while others are lacking experts to help determine the faunal list for Vermont. For centuries, scientists have labored to discover and describe the diversity of life here in Vermont and beyond, and discoveries are still being made. The VLL database uses a set of generally accepted references, augmented by recent scientific literature and expert opinion, to establish a standard scientific name for every species and their hierarchical classification. Generally, VLL follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, and fungi of North America. This checklist is derived from: A checklist of mammals by the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department; Osgood, F. L. (1938). The mammals of Vermont. Journal of Mammalogy, 19(4), 435-441. DOI: 10.2307/1374228; Vermont Small Mammal Atlas (https://www.northwoodscenter.org/wordpress/forest-stewardship-institute-fsi/small-mammal-atlas/) and other sources. Distribution data and other information was also captured from the historic Osgood (1938) publication.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of Vermont Mammals
Middlebury College Insect Collection Coccinellidae
The Lady Beetles (Conccinellidae) in the Middlebury College Insect Collection.
Darwin Core Archive of Middlebury College Insect Collection Coccinellidae
Standardized Bumblebee (Bombus) Surveys in Vermont
Standardized Bumblebee (Bombus) and Eastern Carpenter Bee surveys (Xylocopa virginica) in Vermont, USA from 2016 and 2019 to 2021. These (and others) were first surveyed in 2012 and 2013 (data available at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/7ffba224-5620-4dfd-a43e-9783fa414933) during the Vermont Bumble Bee Atlas (http://val.vtecostudies.org/projects/bumble-bee-atlas). Semi-annual (May and July) monitoring at a subset of the original survey routes began in 2022. Non-target species were recorded opportunistically.
Darwin Core Archive of Standardized Bumblebee (Bombus) Surveys in Vermont
Amphibian Migration Monitoring at the VINS Bragdon Preserve Pond in Vermont, USA (1996-1999)
Amphibian spring migration to a small pond was monitored using a drift fence and pitfall traps from 1996-1999 at the VINS Bragdon Preserve in Woodstock, Vermont, USA. Additionally, captures of small mammals were also recorded.
Darwin Core Archive of Amphibian Migration Monitoring at the VINS Bragdon Preserve Pond in Vermont, USA (1996-1999)
Checklist of the Butterflies (Papilionoidea) of Vermont, USA
The 1995 checklist of Vermont Lepidoptera listed 89 butterfly species in 48 genera (Grehan et al. 1995), with two new butterfly species recorded for Vermont. The report documented identifications primarily from specimens held at the University of Vermont Entomology Research Laboratory, the Carl T. Parsons Collection, state agencies, and private collections held by the authors. Most of the records were from collections made in northwestern Vermont. Of the 22 collecting localities, only three sites were located in the Northeastern Highlands, one in the southern third of the state, with the remainder in northwestern Vermont. The authors noted that their work should be augmented by searching for Vermont records in regional collections, as well as developing a database to document distribution, seasonality, habitat and food plants in Vermont. This spawned the Vermont Butterfly Survey which was completed from 2002 - 2007 across the entire state (McFarland and Zahendra 2010). As part of this effort, private and institutional collections, as well as published and unpublished literature and field notebooks, were searched for Vermont butterfly records. Label data from 2,377 specimens, 161 literature records and 208 visual sightings from field notebooks representing 94 species of butterflies and five giant silkmoths were found in 16 private and institutional collections, as well as in published literature, unpublished reports and field notebooks. Most records came from the UVM Zadock Thompson Natural History Collection (727), the UVM Entomological Research Laboratory (531) Scott Griggs’ personal collection (398), James Hedbor’s personal collection (263), Peabody Museum of Natural History (149; partially completed) and unpublished reports by Donald Miller (106). Hartland Nature Club, the oldest such club in Vermont, had the oldest specimens, dating back to 1892, which probably survived because of sealed Ricker mounts. After six years of surveys the VBS database contained 36,121 records representing 103 species of butterflies. Five species with known historic occurrences were not documented by VBS. Three of these were of unknown origin or vagrants and were not expected to be recorded. These included (1) a Gulf Fritillary specimen in a collection at St. Michael’s College found road killed in Burlington on 5 May 1995 by J. Leonard; (2) a Long-tailed Skipper found nectaring on scarlet runner bean in a garden in South Hero on 6 September 1994 by James Hedbor (personal collection); and (3) a California Tortoiseshell found in southern Vermont (date unknown) by P. Opler (Scott 1986). Two formerly extant species, Regal Fritillary and Persius Duskywing, are apparently now extirpated in Vermont. The last known Regal Fritillary was a female collected on 17 July 1941 by O.M. Calloway in Pomfret, Vermont (Grehan 1995). We found the specimen in the Peabody Museum of Natural History collection. It was originally housed in the Dartmouth College collections. We also uncovered two males and a female of this species collected on 14 July 1939 in Dorset in the Peabody collection and three specimens from North Hartland (1894 and 1899, exact dates unknown) in the Hartland Nature Club collection. There is only one known Vermont record for Persius Duskywing, from an unknown location in 1983 by P.A. Opler (Grehan et al. 1995). There are no other details available. The Vermont Butterfly Survey added 10 butterfly species to the Vermont checklist. Most of the new records were obtained from the southernmost region of Vermont where little collecting had been done historically. However, both the Hackberry and Tawny emperors were found in the northwestern region of Vermont where most historic collecting occurred. Because they were found only in a few floodplain forests within the Vermont range of Hackberry tree (Celtis occidentalis), the two species may have simply been previously missed rather than recently immigrated into Vermont. Either way, Vermont is on the northern edge of the range of both emperors and their host plant. Six of the new species are now included as Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Vermont, 7 have been assigned a conservation rank of S1 (most imperiled), and 2 are designated conservation status unknown (SU) until further targeted surveys are complete. Since the VBS, observers have annually provided many butterfly records to our project in iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/inaturalist-vermont) and e-Butterfly (https://www.e-butterfly.org). Four additional species have been added to the checklist since VBS. An Eastern Giant Swallowtail was first photographed in a garden in Addison on 30 July 2010 by A. Fisher. Several days later a sighting was reported from a garden just 10 miles north in Charlotte by H. Kaestner. This species is now well established in portions of Vermont. The first US record of Common Blue was reported by David Barrington on 5 Sept 2020 in Alburg, VT with additional records later in the month in nearby Saint Albans, VT. This species presumably arrived here from the well established population in nearby Quebec, Canada. On 15 June 2021 a presumably vagrant Cloudless Sulphur (Phoebis sennae) was photographed by Terri Armata and reported on a checklist to eButterfly.org (https://www.e-butterfly.org/ebapp/en/checklists/view/109860). On 30 June 30 2022 in the far southwest corner of Vermont Terri Armata photographed a Northern Oak Hairstreak (Satyrium favonius ontario) among the Banded Hairstreaks (Satyrium calanus) nectaring at Common Milkweed and shared it with eButterfly.org (https://www.e-butterfly.org/ebapp/en/checklists/view/117328). The Northern Oak Hairstreak lays its eggs predominantly on White Oak (Quercus alba) in the northern edge of its range, which is found in the valleys of Vermont. It likely lives covertly, hidden from the eyes of butterfly watchers, feeding (on galls and Hemiptera honeydew) and breeding high overhead in the leaves and branches of the forest canopy and may be present in more localities. On 5 October 2022 James McNamara photographed a European Peacock Butterfly (Aglais io) in a garden in Calais, Vermont and reported it the Vermont Atlas of Life on iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137682387) marking the first state record for this species. During the Second Vermont Butterfly Atlas (2023-2027), a population of Bog Elfin (Callophrys lanoraieensis) was discovered in NW Vermont by Bryan Pfeiffer on 19 May 2023 and reported to e-Butterfly.org (https://www.e-butterfly.org/ebapp/en/checklists/view/124294). A vagrant Sachem (Atalopedes huron) found by Terri Armata in July 2024 and reported to e-Butterfly.org (https://www.e-butterfly.org/ebapp/en/checklists/view/138044), soon followed by her report of Zabulon Skipper (Lon zabulon) (https://www.e-butterfly.org/ebapp/en/checklists/view/139682) in August. In August 2025, Kevin Hemeon photographed a Red-banded Hairstreak (Calycopis cecrops) in Bennington, Vermont and reported it to e-Butterfly.org (https://www.e-butterfly.org/ebapp/en/checklists/view/150499). The Vermont Butterfly Checklist is now comprised of 120 species in 5 families (Family:no. species= Hesperiidae 38, Lycaenidae 27, Nymphalidae 40, Papilionidae 7, Pieridae 8) with 106 native species (two extirpated), 10 vagrants species, and 4 introduced species. Nomenclature follows: Pelham, J. (2025). A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada. Revised Oct. 2025.
Darwin Core Archive of Checklist of the Butterflies (Papilionoidea) of Vermont, USA
Surveys of the bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) community in northern hardwood forest and wildlife clearings using pan traps
Two year study of bees in wildlife clearing and adjacent Mesic Red Oak Northern Hardwood Forests of the Merck Forest and Farmland Center. Bee bowls were deployed at 15 sites in early May of 2020 and 2021. Sites were either at the edge of wildlife clearings or at predetermined distances from these clearings within the Mesic Red Oak Northern Hardwood Forest natural community.
Darwin Core Archive of Surveys of the bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) community in northern hardwood forest and wildlife clearings using pan traps
The solitary parasitoid wasp Cerceris fumipennis provisions its nests with beetles from the Family Buprestidae. Nests formed by these solitary wasps are often located in non-social colonies within hard-packed, sandy, and exposed soils. Female wasps forage for prey on sunny summer days when many species of buprestid beetles are active. Taking buprestid beetle prey from wasps intercepted as they approached their nests is used to survey for the presence of many buprestid species. Biologists and citizen science volunteers surveyed C. fumipennis colonies for Buprestidae from 2009-2016.
Darwin Core Archive of Cerceris fumipennis nest sites
Insect Specimens from Trap Nests deployed in Vermont, USA
Records of insects that emerged from trap nests set to target cavity nesting bees at several sites in Vermont, USA during the summer of 2021.
Darwin Core Archive of Insect Specimens from Trap Nests deployed in Vermont, USA
Historic Wildlife Roadkill Reports from Vermont, USA (1971-2006)
This data set describes the locations of vehicle-animal collisions. It is a collection of collision information shared by the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife (F&W) and the Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans).
Darwin Core Archive of Historic Wildlife Roadkill Reports from Vermont, USA (1971-2006)
Bee specimens collected or acquired by Leif Richardson for a variety of research projects. Additional determinations and Bumble bee records to be added.
Darwin Core Archive of Leif Richardson Vermont Bee Specimens
Historic Records of Boreal Chorus Frog in Vermont, USA
A collection of the known historic records of Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata) from Vermont, USA. They were historically found in Grand Isle and Franklin Counties, but have not been detected since 1999 in Vermont. The Boreal Chorus Frog has been designated a Species of Greatest Conservation Need (high priority) in Vermont’s Wildlife Action Plan and is Endangered in Vermont.
Darwin Core Archive of Historic Records of Boreal Chorus Frog in Vermont, USA
Vermont European Mantis (Mantis religiosa) Records from Historic Dot Map
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont European Mantis (Mantis religiosa) Records from Historic Dot Map
This project expands the knowledge of the distribution and habitat requirements of 23 species of small terrestrial mammals (i.e., weighing less than 500g) that are native to Vermont. This dataset contains the Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and Southern Red-backed Vole (Myodes gapperi) records. Data were obtained from small mammal surveys conducted at 47 sites between 2008 and 2010, salvage and processing of mammals taken as non-target specimens in herp surveys conducted in 1998, examination and cataloguing of the mammals in the Zadock Thomson Natural History Collection at the University of Vermont, examination of the holdings of several other museums, and a review of the literature including both published papers and unpublished reports. The small mammal surveys resulted in the capture of 2,844 small mammals representing 20 different species and 459 additional specimens were salvaged from the 1998 herp survey non- target mortality material. Of these 3300 small mammals captured during the 17,166 trap nights of survey work and those salvaged from the 1998 herp surveys, only 25 were of rare species. However, the total of 27new specimens of these five rare species provided documentation of 19 unknown populations and the persistence of two previously identified populations. Targeted surveys of talus slopes were successful in detecting populations of two species of highest conservation concern whereas targeted surveys of cedar swamps were not productive in detecting rare species. Distribution maps based on historical and current records were constructed for all species of small terrestrial mammals native to Vermont, except for the two species of Peromyscus.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Small Mammal Atlas Records
Pilot Study of Wild Bees in Working Sugar Maple Stands
This was a pilot study of native bee communities in sugar maple stands that are used to harvest sap for syrup production in northern Vermont, USA. Sampling was part of a larger project: Evaluating the Efficacy of Audubon Vermont’s Bird-Friendly Maple: Can Managing Sugarbushes for Birds Provide Additional Benefits to Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, and Forest Resilience? Work for this data set was partially funded by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative (NSRC). More information can be found at https://nsrcforest.org/project/evaluating-efficacy-audubon-vermont%E2%80%99s-bird-friendly-maple-project-sugarbushes.
Darwin Core Archive of Pilot Study of Wild Bees in Working Sugar Maple Stands
From 2012-2014, with help from 53 citizen scientists, we conducted surveys to determine the status of bumble bees throughout Vermont. We amassed 10,368 bumble bee records comprised of 12 species from all 14 Vermont counties.
Darwin Core Archive of Vermont Bumble Bee Atlas 2012 - 2014